The epigenetic clock is a tool that estimates biological age by analysing specific chemical modifications to DNA, known as DNA methylation.
Unlike chronological age, which counts the years since birth, biological age reflects the functional state of an individual’s body and can provide insights into health and ageing processes.
Understanding Epigenetics
Epigenetics involves changes in gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence. One common epigenetic modification is DNA methylation, where methyl groups attach to DNA molecules, influencing gene expression. These patterns can change over time due to environmental factors and natural ageing.
How the Epigenetic Clock Works
Developed by ageing researcher Steve Horvath, the epigenetic clock utilises an algorithm that examines DNA methylation at 353 specific sites across the genome. By assessing these sites, the clock can predict an individual’s biological age with considerable accuracy across various tissues and cell types.
Applications of the Epigenetic Clock
- Health Assessment: Determining biological age can help identify individuals at higher risk for age-related diseases, even if their chronological age suggests otherwise.
- Medical Research: The epigenetic clock aids in understanding how lifestyle, environmental exposures, and interventions impact the ageing process.
- Disease Diagnosis: It may improve diagnosis and classification of diseases by providing insights into the biological ageing of tissues.
Significance in Ageing Research
The epigenetic clock offers a quantifiable measure of biological ageing, enhancing our understanding of the ageing process and informing strategies to promote healthy ageing.
By distinguishing between chronological and biological age, it provides a more nuanced view of an individual’s health status.